Proposal of Shuttleworthella gen. nov. and Nostocoides gen. nov. as replacement names for the illegitimate prokaryotic generic names Shuttleworthia and Tetrasphaera, respectively

Abstract The prokaryotic generic name Shuttleworthia Downes et al. 2002 is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of the plant genus Shuttleworthia Meisner 1840 and the mollusk genus Shuttleworthia Baker 1941 (Principle 2 and Rule 51b(5) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes). We therefore propose the replacement generic name Shuttleworthella, with type species Shuttleworthella satelles comb. nov. The prokaryotic generic name Tetrasphaera Maszenan et al. 2000 is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of Tetrasphaera Popofsky 1913 (Protozoa, Radiolaria) and of Tetrasphaera Górka 1965 (a fossil dinoflagellate) (Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes). We therefore propose the replacement generic name Nostocoides, with type species Nostocoides japonicum comb. nov.

According to Principle 2 and Rules 51b (5) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) [1], a name or combination validly published on or after 1 January 2001 is illegitimate when it is a later homonym of a name or combination validly published or available under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants or the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.According to Rule 51b(4), a name or combination validly published before 31 December 2000 is illegitimate when it is a later homonym of a name of a taxon of prokaryotes, fungi, algae, protozoa or viruses.Based on these Rules, we identified two illegitimate prokaryote genus names, Shuttleworthia Downes et al. 2002 andTetrasphaera Maszenan et al. 2000.We here propose replacement names for these genera.

ILLEGITIMACY OF THE NAME SHUTTLEWORTHIA DOWNES ET AL. 2002
The prokaryotic genus Shuttleworthia (Lachnospiraceae, Lachnospirales, Clostridia, Bacillota) was described by Downes et al. in 2002 [2].The type species and thus far only species is Shuttleworthia satelles.The generic name Shuttleworthia is a later homonym of Shuttleworthia Meissner 1840 (Tracheophyta, Magnoliopsida, Lamiales, Verbenaceae) [3] and of Shuttleworthia Baker 1941 (Animalia, Mollusca) [4].Based on Principle 2 and Rule 51b(5) of the ICNP, the name Shuttleworthia proposed in 2002 for a prokaryotic genus is therefore illegitimate.In accordance with Rule 54, we here propose a replacement name, conserving the meaning of the illegitimate name as originally published.

DESCRIPTION OF SHUTTLEWORTHELLA SATELLES (DOWNES ET AL. 2002) DESHMUKH AND OREN COMB. NOV.
Shuttleworthella satelles ( sa. tel'les.L. masc.n. satelles, a satellite or attendant upon a distinguished person, referring to the satelliting appearance of older cultures).The description of the species is as given for Shuttleworthia satelles [2].
The type strain is VPI D143K-13 T (=CCUG 45864 T =DSM 14600 T ), isolated from human subgingival plaque and periodontal pockets in patients with periodontitis.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene is AF399956.

ILLEGITIMACY OF THE NAME TETRASPHAERA MASZENAN ET AL. 2000
The prokaryotic genus Tetrasphaera (Intrasporangiaceae, Micrococcales, Actinomycetes, Actinomycetota) was described by Maszenan et al. in 2000 [5].The type species is Tetrasphaera japonica.The genus currently contains eight species with validly published names.The generic name Tetrasphaera is a later homonym of Tetrasphaera Popofsky 1913 (Protozoa, Radiolaria) [6] and of Tetrasphaera Górka 1965 (a fossil dinoflagellate) [7].It is also a homonym of Tetrasphaera Timofeev and Herman 1979 (fossil Acritarcha, a group of uncertain taxonomic affiliation) [8].Based on Rule 51b(4) of the ICNP, the name Tetrasphaera proposed in 2000 for a prokaryotic genus is therefore illegitimate.In accordance with Rule 54, we here propose a replacement name, conserving the meaning of the illegitimate name as originally published.We here reclassify five Tetrasphaera species as new combinations.We did not reclassify Tetrasphaera duodecadis (Lochhead 1958) Ishikawa [11].
The description of the genus is as given for Tetrasphaera [5] as emended by Ishikawa and Yokota [12].
The type strain is Ben 109 T (=JCM 21391 T =KCTC 39584 T =NBRC 103087 T ), isolated from activated sludge biomass in Australia.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene is AF125091.
The type strain is T1-X7 T (=DSM 13192 T =JCM 21381 T =NBRC 103088 T ), isolated from activated sludge in Japan.The GenBank/ EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene and the whole genome sequence are AF125092 and GCA_001046855.

DESCRIPTION OF NOSTOCOIDES JENKINSII (MCKENZIE AL. 2006) DESHMUKH AND OREN COMB. NOV.
Nostocoides jenkinsii ( jen.kin'si.i.N.L. gen.n. jenkinsii, of Jenkins, referring to David Jenkins, an American environmental engineer, who has made a considerable contribution to our understanding of the filamentous bacteria causing bulking and foaming in activated sludge processes).The description of the species is as given for Tetrasphaera jenkinsii [10,13].
The type strain is Ben 74 T (=DSM 17519 T =JCM 15590 T =NCIMB 14128 T ), isolated from activated sludge systems in Australia.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene and the whole genome sequence are DQ007321 and GCA_001046875.The description of the species is as given for Tetrasphaera vanveenii [10].

DESCRIPTION OF NOSTOCOIDES VANVEENII (MCENZIE
The type strain is Ben 70 T (=DSM 17518 T =JCM 15591 T =KCTC 39576 T =NCIMB 14127 T ), isolated from an activated sludge plant in Australia.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene is DQ007320.
The description of the species is as given for Tetrasphaera veronensis [10].
The type strain is Ver 1 T (=DSM 17520 T =JCM 15592 T =KCTC 39577 T =NCIMB 14129 T ), isolated from an activated sludge plant in Verona, Italy.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene is Y14595.